Master's Thesis: Simulation-Based Assessment of Fault Behavior and Protection Challenges in Medium-Voltage AC Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Inverter-Based Re-sources

At ABB, we help industries outrun - leaner and cleaner. Here, progress is an expectation - for you, your team, and the world. As a global market leader, we’ll give you what you need to make it happen. It won’t always be easy, growing takes grit. But at ABB, you’ll never run alone. Run what runs the world.This Position reports to:R&D Team Lead Your role and responsibilitiesThe increasing deployment of inverter-based resources (IBRs), such as photovoltaic systems, battery energy storage systems, and renewable generation, is fundamentally changing the fault behavior of medium voltage AC (MVAC) distribution networks. Unlike conventional synchronous generators, power electronic converters typically limit their fault current contribution, making fault characteristics highly dependent on converter control algorithms and operating conditions. In addition, bidirectional power flow introduced by distributed energy resources can challenge conventional protection schemes.This Master’s thesis aims to investigate the fault behavior of grid-connected converters through simulation studies. The work will evaluate converter responses during different fault types, including phase-to-phase and ground faults, considering varying fault locations, converter locations, network strength, and grounding systems.Particular focus will be placed on comparing grid-following and grid-forming control concepts and assessing how different control parameters influence fault current characteristics. Parameters of interest include current limits, fault ride-through settings, voltage and frequency control loops, virtual inertia, and droop control settings. The resulting fault currents, voltage profiles, and sequence components will be analyzed to understand their impact on conventional protection functions such as overcurrent, directional, and earth fault protection.The outcome of the thesis will provide improved insight into the behavior of converters during network disturbances and contribute to the development of protection strategies for future converter-dominated MVAC distribution systems. Details:Period: January - June 2027Number of credits: 30 hp / ECTSNumber of students: 1Location: VästeråsTasksConduct a literature review on fault types, relay protection functions and converter topologies and control with particular focus on fault scenarios.Utilize simulation tools (e.g., Matlab Simulink, and/or PSCAD) to model various faults and the resulting behavior of mixed resources considering:Different grounding conceptsConverter control strategies and relevant control parameters (The ABB converter models will be provided.)Various grid topologies and converter ratings and locations.Prepare a detailed report documenting all methodologies, findings, and conclusions. Possible publication.Optional extension:Investigate how different protection algorithms are affected by the resulting fault currents.Preferred backgroundEnrolled in a Master’s program in Electrical Engineering or related fields. Experience in power system modeling tools, or electrical circuit simulation tools like Matlab Simulink or PSCAD.Familiarity with some control theory is advantageous.The ideal candidate will be self-motivated, analytical, well-organized, and possess a strong curiosity for research and innovation.More about usIn case you have questions, please contact Anna Huwyler, anna.huwyler@se.abb.comA future opportunityThis role is part of our talent pipeline, which means it’s not currently open, but we’re always looking for curious minds, bold thinkers, and people who want to make an impact.Click Apply to express your interest and be considered for future opportunities that match your experience and aspirations.At ABB, we welcome people from all backgrounds and believe that diverse perspectives help us build a cleaner, smarter future.Apply today or visit https://www.abb.com to learn more about how we help run what runs the world.