Skip to content

A little clarity goes a long way

Local words you may encounter in doctoral and thesis opportunities.

Exjobb means a Swedish degree project; Masterarbeit means a German master's thesis. Local recruitment terms can describe different study and employment arrangements. Confirm the terms in each official vacancy.

doktorand
doctoral studentSweden
doktorandtjänst / anställning som doktorand
salaried doctoral studentshipSweden
forskarutbildning
third-cycle (doctoral) educationSweden
stipendiat
PhD research fellow (salaried PhD position)Norway
ph.d.-kandidat
PhD candidateNorway
doktorgrad
doctoral degreeNorway
väitöskirjatutkija
doctoral researcherFinland
tohtorikoulutus
doctoral educationFinland
väitöskirja
doctoral dissertationFinland
promovendus
PhD candidateNetherlands
promotieplaats / promotieplek
PhD positionNetherlands
AiO / OiO
employed PhD researcherNetherlands
examensarbete
degree project / thesisSweden
exjobb
thesis project, often with a companySweden
Masterarbeit
master's thesisGermany
Abschlussarbeit
final thesisGermany
praktik
internship / work placementSweden
sommarjobb
summer jobSweden
stage
internshipNetherlands
afstudeerstage
graduation internship combined with a thesisNetherlands
stagevergoeding
internship allowanceNetherlands
Praktikum
internshipGermany
Pflichtpraktikum
mandatory internship required by your degreeGermany
Werkstudent
part-time working studentGermany
Browse positions and country guides